An EORI number is the abbreviation of Economic Operators Registration and Identification Number. It is a unique identifier used for tracking and registering customs details within the EU and the UK. If you’re involved in international shipping or trade, you’ll need this number to process your goods through customs.
Generally, an EORI number starts with the country code (2 letters) of the issuing country, followed by a unique sequence of up to 15 alphanumeric characters. However, in Northern Ireland, EORI numbers begin with “XI” and are classified as EU EORI numbers.
Who needs an EORI number?
- This identifier is essential for any economic operator—whether importer or exporter—based in the customs territory of the EU or UK.
- Even businesses outside the EU must obtain an EORI number if they trade within Europe. It’s needed for various customs processes, including customs declarations, Entry Summary Declarations (ENS), Exit Summary Declarations (EXS), and temporary storage declarations. It is also required for them when acting as carriers.
- Individuals who are not economic operators may need an EORI number if mandated by national legislation or specific EU requirements. For example, someone shipping personal goods into Europe may need to register if their activities fall under customs regulations.
When do you need such a number?
You’ll need an EORI number when filing customs declarations or applying for authorizations related to international trade. If a third party submits customs declarations on your behalf, having an EORI number is also mandatory to ensure compliance with customs regulations.
To obtain an EORI number, follow the steps below and ensure you include it on your commercial invoice.
How to register for the EORI number?
Applying for a UK EORI number is straightforward and can be done online via the HMRC portal. To get started, you’ll need a Government Gateway ID and password. If you don’t already have one, you can create an account during the application.
Information needed for UK businesses
- Unique taxpayer reference (UTR): This is your business tax ID.
- Start date and SIC (Standard Industrial Classification) code: Find this information in the Companies House database.
- VAT number and registration date: Found on your VAT registration certificate (if applicable).
- National insurance number: Required for sole traders or individuals.
For foreign businesses
Foreign companies don’t need UK-specific details like UTRs or SIC codes. Instead, you’ll need to provide:
- Business registration details in your country of establishment.
- Company address and contact information, etc.
Applying for a number starts with XI
Moving goods between Northern Ireland and non-EU countries will also need an XI EORI number. Before applying for one, ensure you have a GB EORI number.
When registering, you’ll need:
- Your XI VAT number (if applicable).
- Any EU VAT numbers your business holds.
- Two documents proving a permanent establishment in Northern Ireland, such as a utility bill or bank statement.
If your business address in Northern Ireland is already listed on your GB EORI application, additional permanent establishment proof may not be necessary. Similarly, this proof is also unnecessary if your company is not based in Northern Ireland but still needs the XI EORI number for other reasons.
Why choose ASLG for your international shipping?
In 2025, efficiency and speed are crucial for successful cross-border trade. We connect with over 300 global airlines and sea carriers in Airsupply’s network. It ensures fast access to key markets across the UK, Europe, USA, Canada, and Australia. As a result, we deliver a memorable experience for your customers.
Additionally, we have in-depth expertise in international tax and customs regulations. We help you navigate compliance challenges at the border to prevent delays and ensure smooth operations.
FAQs:
How long does the EORI application take?
In most cases, HMRC issues EORI numbers instantly unless additional checks are required. If further verification is needed, the application may take up to five working days to process. Once issued, the EORI number may take up to 48 hours to fully operational.
Is an EORI number the same as a tax number?
No, an EORI number differs from a tax or VAT number. While it can be linked to your VAT number, the EORI number is a unique identifier for customs authorities to monitor and manage import and export activities. In contrast, a tax number helps tax authorities identify your business for tax purposes.
Does an EORI number need to be renewed or updated?
EORI numbers are permanent and do not expire. However, they can be invalidated if the holder requests or business operations cease. After invalidation, the information remains in the system for a 10-year retention period. Ensure to update any changes to your business details with the relevant customs authority to keep your EORI registration accurate.
Are there any fees for obtaining or maintaining an EORI number?
Registering for an EORI number directly with customs authorities is free. However, administrative fees may apply if you use a service provider to handle the application process.
Can you import goods without an EORI number?
No, importing goods for commercial purposes requires a valid EORI number. Without it, customs will not process your shipments.
